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Professional Education Seminars
APEC 2003 features 15 professional education seminars with a broad range of topics. The conference committee has worked hard to make sure there is something of interest to all APEC attendees during each of the seminar time periods. As always, APEC seminars offer a practical mix of theory and application for the professional working in power electronics. Unlike other conferences that charge by the seminar, at APEC one low fee gains you access to any and all of the seminars, along with the notes for every seminar. Whether you want to review an important topic area, broaden your understanding of a neighboring discipline, or take advantage of the practical experiences of experts in the field, the APEC 2003 seminars are a must for every conference attendee.
Please note that the room assignments are tentative and subject to change. Please check with the registration desk at the conference for the latest information.
SEMINARS AT A GLANCE
SEMINAR DESCRIPTIONS
SESSION I
Sunday, February 10, 9:30 AM - 1:00 PM
S.1 Switching Power Supply Design Basics
Marty Brown, Sierra Energy Management Systems
Fontainebleau A
This seminar is aimed at novice switching power supply designers who seek a further intuitive understanding of the design field. Information will be conveyed on the intuitive level with very few equations.
The content will include: how does a switching power supply differs from a linear power supply, description of how basic switching power supplies work, what are topologies and how does one know which is the right one for the application, designing or selecting some of the key components, What are losses and how does one identify them, feedback compensation, and descriptions of the new developments within the power field.
The outcome of attending this seminar will be a greater appreciation of the operation of switching power supplies and a basic knowledge of their design. A list of literature will show the attendee how to get more information involving the design and understanding of switching power supplies. Back To The Top
S.2 Advanced Simulation Of Power Electronics And Motor Drives Using PSpice
Michael Giesselmann, Texas Tech University
Fontainebleau D
Given the steady increase in available computational power in personal computers and advances in modeling software, modeling of power electronics and electric drives is fast becoming a viable design option for practicing engineers as well as for education and research.
PSpice has recently emerged as a excellent tool for the above mentioned applications due to its very powerful, nearly full capability evaluation version, its wide use in EE curricula throughout the country and its intuitive, easy to learn graphical interface. In addition there is widespread support on the Internet for PSpice models. More advanced users can upgrade to the full version. All popular versions of PSpice will be supported.
In this tutorial, we will specifically address modeling and simulations of power electronic converters and motor drives and provide ready to run examples that dramatically cut the lead-time for participants that want to generate their own simulations. Back To The Top
S.3 MOSFET Avalanche Ratings Revisited
Marco Soldano & Tim McDonald, International Rectifier Corporation
Fontainebleau B
One of the most intriguing features of modern Power MOSFETs is the capability to withstand some amount of avalanche energy, a condition that takes place when the maximum blocking voltage of the device is exceeded.
This rating has been changed and in some cases interpreted during the years by various manufacturers, leading to a certain level of confusion.
The purposes of this seminar are to give an overview to an entry level and intermediate audience on the failure models and mechanisms in the semiconductor device and to explain the different test circuits and rating methods used today providing a critical comparison.
A method for calculating the junction temperature rise is also shown, with numerical examples. The extension of the thermal approach to different 'in circuit' condition will be described.
Possible improvements of today's rating system will be proposed and discussed.
The last part will discuss the reliability implications of using the avalanche capability of MOSFETs in the design of switched mode power supplies. Back To The Top
S.4 AC Electric Machines: Modeling And Control
David A. Torrey & James M. Kokernak, Advanced Energy Conversion
Versailles Gallerie
Recent trends towards more efficient systems have extended from industrial to consumer to automotive technologies. A driving force in energy conservation is the implementation of efficient electric machines. Unfortunately, not all machine technologies are understood as well as others, such as the induction motor, which has maintained firm footing in most market segments. It can be argued that the lack of understanding surrounding many of these other machines may prevent a superior motor technology from being considered for a certain application. This seminar proposes to provide an introduction to various motor technologies, including induction, brushless dc, and permanent magnet synchronous, interior permanent magnet and switched reluctance machines. The seminar will discuss the structure and operation of these motor technologies, as well as provide insight to modeling and control techniques, giving the attendee the knowledge necessary make good decisions when selecting electric machines for their specific applications. As most of these motors require power electronics, issues associated with drive topology and control will be addressed. Back To The Top
S.5 EMC Enhanced Power Supply Design
Ernest H. Wittenbreder, Jr., Technical Witts
Fontainebleau C
The purpose of this course is to provide the power supply design engineer with a better understanding of the scientific and engineering principles of EMI generation, coupling mechanisms, EMI avoidance, and EMI reduction techniques and to provide the engineer with very specific information that he can use to accomplish low noise power supply designs. Several new circuit synthesis methods that can be used to form new power supply topologies with much improved EMC from standard well known topologies will be revealed. An exhaustive review of the many typical EMI problem areas is provided and proven methods are described to avoid those problem areas. PWB layout techniques and techniques applicable to construction, component design, circuit and component placement, shielding, and snubbing will be presented. The student will learn about EMI filter design, and EMI filter component and interface issues.
This course will be a benefit to all power supply engineers regardless of their levels of experience and ability. Back To The Top
SESSION II
Sunday, February 10, 2:30 - 6:00 PM
S.6 Multiconverter Three-Phase Power Conversion Systems
Dorin O. Neacsu, Consultant
Fontainebleau A
An alternative solution for medium power conversion consists of using paralleled and interleaved power converters. Converter design can be therefore reduced to the use of low cost conventional IGBTs rated below 400A, 1200V with a series of additional advantages. This tutorial introduces parallel and interleaved three-phase medium power converters by a step-by-step learning procedure. First, details concerning hardware, current sharing, active gate control and protection control for the simple parallel operation of IGBTs are shown. Comparative analysis of power losses for parallel and single use of IGBTs is given. Parallel inverter connection through small inductance follows naturally. Particular conditions of interleaving three-phase power converters when used as AC-DC or DC-AC converters are revealed along with definition of circulating currents, modeling approaches, selection of the proper PWM algorithm, small-signal design of the control loops, communication between blocks and synchronization methods. Final part of the presentation is dedicated to emerging topologies build of conventional three-phase voltage or current source converters and used to obtaining direct (matrix) power conversion systems. Their application to motor drives supplied from a three-phase grid is presented. Each step of the presentation is proven with simulation, computer-assisted analysis or experiments. Many of the multi-converter solutions presented by this tutorial for medium power applications are already implemented by industry, the others are seeking industry acceptance in the years to come. Back To The Top
S.7 Sensorless Current Mode Control: A Line-Disturbance-Immune Controller For DC To DC Converters
Pallab Midya, Motorola Labs & Philip T. Krein, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign
Fontainebleau D
Sensorless current mode (SCM) control is an observer method that provides the operating benefits of current mode control without current sensing. SCM has significant advantages over both conventional peak and average current-mode control techniques in noise susceptibility and dynamic range in both continuous mode and discontinuous mode. The method supports line and bulk load regulation, and reduces control complexity to a single loop. It also supports conventional two-loop control when tight load regulation is required. The properties make SCM suitable for a wide range of applications, such as dc drives, 42 V automotive converters, line- insensitive telecom power supplies, and many others. The framework of SCM encompasses one- cycle control as a special case, but the general SCM method is a public domain control technique. A small signal control analysis of SCM will be presented. The models will be used to show how SCM provides rejection of line disturbances and requires smaller controller gain than a two-loop current-mode controller of equal performance. The basis of low noise sensitivity will be discussed. Examples of SCM control circuits that use off-the-shelf PWM controller ICs will be also be presented. A basic understanding of PWM and dc to dc converters is the only prerequisite for the material. This tutorial will provide understanding of SCM from an analytical standpoint. In addition, the practical discussion will be sufficiently detailed to enable application of SCM in dc to dc converter PWM control design. Back To The Top
S.8 Power Packaging Techniques With Emphasis On High Current Applications
Douglas C. Hopkins, State University of New York - Buffalo
Fontainebleau B
This seminar provides the power electronics designer with an in-depth description of leading and next-generation power packaging techniques useful in the physical design of power supplies and drives with emphasis on high current applications. The processes and attributes of packaging techniques, such as copper-on-ceramic, heavy copper on FR-4, bus-bar and molded interconnect will be given. Limitations of complementing processes commonly used with heavy metal techniques will also be given and is valuable as an introduction to other packaging techniques. The material is presented from both electrical and physical perspectives. The designer will gain familiarity with nomenclature, electrical and material characteristics, and guidelines for use of several packaging techniques. Designers will gain sufficient information to consider and select alternate packaging techniques that optimally meet their needs. Several product reviews will demonstrate electrical/physical design and identify critical packaging issues. This is an essential course for the designer who must look at other packaging design approaches to further shrink their electronics. Back To The Top
S.9 Synthesis Of Advanced Control Methodologies For High-Grade Adjustable Speed Motor Drives: Theory and Applications
Babak Fahimi, University of Missouri - Rolla & H. A. Toliyat, Texas A&M University
Versailles Gallerie
Adjustable speed motor drives are being increasingly integrated into high impact applications such as automotive products and aerospace equipment. These applications demand high-grade performance, reliability and fault tolerance from their respective motor drive components. To accommodate these vital needs, design and development of advanced control strategies for adjustable speed motor drives turns into a necessity. This seminar intends to introduce design methodologies for classic and modern control strategies as applied to Induction, Brushless DC and Switched Reluctance Motor drives. Synthesis of classic closed loop systems, such as torque; speed and position control will be explained first. As the first step, design algorithms for implementation of advanced torque control such as scalar and vector control for induction and PM drives will be introduced. This part will also include optimal torque per ampere control for SRM drives. In the next step, we will explore design procedures using digital PI, IP, and Feedforward blocks for speed and position controls. We will also introduce state-of-the-art in advanced control methodologies such as robust controllers, intelligent control, estimation and identification techniques and resilient control configurations. This seminar is designed for practicing engineers in industry and graduate level students in the field of adjustable speed motor drives. Examples from laboratory implementation of these technologies will also be presented to provide an insightful understanding of the concepts for audience. Back To The Top
S.10 Virtual Prototyping Of Magnetic Components
Roberto Prieto & Pedro Alou, Technical University of Madrid
Fontainebleau C
This seminar will present a 'virtual' approach for the design of magnetic components using several numerical computation techniques and design tools. The goal of any 'virtual prototyping' procedure is to achieve an optimal design without time consuming build and test procedures. Attendees will gain insights into the scope of applications and the limitations of each tool and design approach (analytical or FEA based). Several design criteria will be analyzed. The "optimum" design concept and the way to obtain it will be discussed. Appropriate models for each design case will be examined.
Additionally, this seminar will present several industrial design examples where the importance of designing magnetic components from the point of view of the device itself and from the point of view of the circuit where the component is working will be highlighted. All the examples will be based on the most commonly applied topologies: Buck type inductors, Forward type transformers and Flyback type components.
Since the seminar will cover basic design concepts and detailed examples, it is oriented to both, novice and experience designers. The idea is that novice designers can learn how to design inductors and transformers for common power converter topologies and experienced designers learn particular "interesting" design issues based on industrial examples. Back To The Top
SESSION III
Monday, February 11, 8:30 AM - 12:00 Noon
S.11 Computer Aided Analysis And Design Of Single Phase APFC Stages
Sam Ben-Yaakov, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev & Ilya Zeltser, Green Power Technologies
Fontainebleau A
Average models that run on general purpose circuit simulators, can help to understand the large signal and small signal behavior of switch mode systems, and can assist in the design and trimming of the power stage and controller. The objective of the proposed seminar is to present a unified methodology for average modeling and simulation of Active Power Factor Correction (APFC) systems and to demonstrate its use in analysis and design.
The introductory part of the seminar covers the basics of the Generalized Switch Inductor Model (GSIM). In the following section, the seminar will introduce new behavioral models of APFC systems operating in continuous, discontinuous and borderline current modes. Both control methods with and without sensing of input voltage will be presented. It will be shown how these large signal models can be used, as is, to obtain the large signal as well as the small signal responses. It will also be demonstrated how the models can be easily applied to obtain the inner and outer loop-gain of the APFC stages. The seminar will discuss in details the application of the models in the analysis and design of APFC systems including the synthesis of phase compensation networks to meet bandwidth and phase margin requirements. Back To The Top
S.12 A Primer on Simulation, Modeling, And Design Of The Control Loops Of Switching Regulators
Bob Erickson & Dragan Maksimovic, University of Colorado, Boulder
Fontainebleau D
Attendees will learn how to model and simulate the small-signal transfer functions of PWM converters, and how to compensate their feedback loops. Voltage mode and peak current-mode control will be covered, in both continuous and discontinuous conduction modes, using techniques of design-oriented analysis. Damping of input EMI filters to avoid control loop interactions will also be covered. The concepts will be supported by numerous practical examples, including details of averaged simulations using Spice. The seminar will be presented at a basic to intermediate level. Knowledge of basic converter operation will be assumed. Back To The Top
S.13 Design Criteria For Modern Power Semiconductor Devices In AC-DC And DC-DC Converter Applications
Gerald Deboy, Joachim Krumrey & Dirk Ahlers, Ilia Zverev, Infineon Technologies
Fontainebleau B
The seminar addresses the topics AC-DC power supplies and DC-DC converters in a system based approach. After a quick introduction of the AC to DC power chain of an SMPS it provides guidelines how to make the best of modern power semiconductor devices, which will be treated as key components for the system design. Special emphasis will be laid on high voltage MOSFETs e.g. compensation devices, fast recovery diodes e.g. SiC Schottky diodes and low voltage MOSFETs e.g. low gate charge and low on-state resistance devices with respect to their use in the PFC, PWM and buck converter stage. Based on this device related introduction the seminar will discuss in a broad application section how to design in these components and which aspects like thermal considerations, safe operating area, hard switching or quasiresonant applications need special care. The seminar is useful for system designers and addresses the above-mentioned topics on an entry to intermediate level. Back To The Top
S.14 Vehicular Power Electronics: Automotive And Aerospace Applications Of Power Electronic Converters And Motor Drives
Mehrdad Ehsani, Texas A&M University & Ali Emadi, Illinois Institute of Technology
Versailles Gallerie
In this tutorial, we address fundamental issues in land, air, and space vehicular power systems. Furthermore, a brief description of the conventional vehicle electrical systems and the role of power electronics will be given.
The future vehicle electrical power systems will most likely be a single voltage bus (42V DC) with provision for hybrid and multi-voltage level distribution. Some of the loads considered are power steering, anti-lock braking, air-conditioning, throttle actuation, ride-height adjustment, rear-wheel steering, electrically heated catalyst, and active suspension systems.
Advanced aircraft and spacecraft power systems are also multi-converter power electronics based systems. In these systems, different converters such as AC/DC rectifiers, DC/DC choppers, and DC/AC inverters are used to provide power at different voltage levels in both DC and AC forms. Some of the loads considered are electromechanical and electro-hydraulic flight control actuators, 270V DC switched reluctance starter/generator, electric anti-icing, electro-mechanical valve control, air-conditioning system, utility actuators, weapon systems, and different electric motor drives for pumps and other applications.
This is an in-depth course for power electronics, motor drives, automotive, and aerospace electronics engineers and researchers at all levels. Back To The Top
S.15 Integrated Power Magnetics Design Techniques
Ed Bloom, e/j Bloom Associates
Fontainebleau C
One of the most interesting power magnetics design techniques currently being pursued by power electronics engineers today is the art of blending both transformer and energy storage inductances of switchmode converters together on SINGLE magnetic core structures. These unique magnetic systems are called integrated-magnetic (IM) components.
This APEC seminar has been structured to provide information on the most recent and detailed design aspects of IM power magnetic devices, as well as, IM applications not previously discussed in past APEC seminars. Included are structure suggestions for combining EMI filter magnetics with power factor stage inductances, new converter topologies wherein both input and output noise reduction filter inductances are combined with the power filter network and detailed design examples of coupled-inductor magnetic structures of the planar varieties. New multi-chambered IM core arrangements are also presented, along with a detailed design example of the their use in a forward converter arrangement preceded by an input filter network. The use of magnetic shunts, or reluctance disks, to enhance leakage inductances in coupled inductor IM devices is also a topic of this seminar.
This seminar is structured to provide in-depth coverage of the topic of integrated magnetics, and is intended for an audience intermediate experience level. Back To The Top
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