Abstracts
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Lecture Session 5

 

L5a: Topic 3: Power factor correction, Modelling and simulation
(J. Kolar, ETH Zürich, Switzerland, J. Kyyra, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland
)


Modeling and Analysis of High Frequency Interactions between cascaded buck converters

Jean-Christophe Crebier
Laboratoire d’Electrotechnique de Grenoble
LEG-ENSIEG, INPG/UJF-CNRS UMR 5529
BP 46, 38402 St Martin d’Hères cedex,
GRENOBLE, FRANCE
Phone 33/(0)4.76.82.62.99
Fax 33/(0)4.76.82.63.00
E-mail: crebier@leg.ensieg.inpg.fr

Sergio Busquets-Monge, Robert Gannett, Dushan Boroyevich
Center for Power Electronics Systems CPES –VPI&SU
Blacksburg, VA, 24060-0111

This paper deals with possible high frequency interactions between cascaded buck converters due to lack of switching pattern filtering. Based on time domain simulations and analytical approach, it is shown that if a HF disturbance signal is applied to the converter input voltage, the switching pattern operation may generate a modulation scheme that in turn leads to oscillations of the output voltage and the converter operating point. Analysis is provided in order to limit the impact of these interactions and to take advantage of the conclusions in applications such as distributed power systems. Experimental results validate simulation and analytical results.


Design and Experimental Analysis of a Three-Phase Single-Stage 8.5kW Buck-Derived PWM-Rectifier System (VIENNA Rectifier III)

Franz Stögerer
Technical University Vienna
Dept. of El. Drives and Machines
Power Electronics Group
Gusshausstr. 27/E372,
 A-1040 Wien /AUSTRIA
Phone: +43-1-58801-37228
 E-mail: fstoegerer@ieam.tuwien.ac.at

Johann W. Kolar
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
 ETH Zurich
Power Electronic Systems Laboratory
ETH-Zentrum/ETL H22
CH-8092 Zurich/Switzerland
Phone: +41-1-6322834
Email: kolar@lem.ee.ethz.ch

In this paper a practical investigation of a VIENNA Rectifier III is presented. The stresses on the power components are calculated in analytical form based on the analysis of an equivalent DC/DC converter system. This gives the basis for the dimensioning and practical realization of a 8.5kW 400VAC/48VDC prototype of the system. There, for system control an outer output voltage control loop and an inner output inductor current control loop are provided and implemented on a digital signal processor (ADSP 21061) which transfers the relative on-times of the power transistors to an EPLD for generation of the gating signals of the power transistors. Finally, the dependency of the efficiency, of the power factor and of the THD of the mains current on the output power as gained from measurements on the prototype are given.


Animation of Power Electronics and Electrical Drives.

Peter J. van Duijsen
Simulation Research
P. O. Box 397, NL-2400 AJ,
Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands
Tel: +31 172 492353
Fax: +31 172 492477
http://www.caspoc.com
Email: p.vanduijsen@caspoc.com
 

Dan Lascu
Politehnica University Timişoara
Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications,
Bd. Vasile Pârvan 2, 1900 Timişoara, Romania
Phone: 0040-56-204332, ext. 642
Fax: 0040-56-190608,
Email: d.lascu@caspoc.com
 
In this paper a new multilevel simulation/animation tool Caspoc®, [Simulation Research, 2001] is described, which during simulation animates the power electronic circuit. The user sees the level of the node-voltages, the level of the branch currents and most important, he can see the current path in the circuit. The simulation tool can animate any power electronic circuit or electrical drive.
Examples of power electronic and electrical drive animations are given, which show the advantage of animation.


Design of a 2.0 kW on – board charger for electric vehicles with sinusoidal input characteristics

E. Tatakis, N. Papanikolaou, E. Rikos
University of Patras
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering
Laboratory of Electromechanical Energy Conversion
26500 Rion – Patras, GREECE
tel. +30.61.997351
fax +30.61.997362
e-mail
: e.c.tatakis@ee.upatras.gr
 
          papanik@ee.upatras.gr
           rikos@ee.upatras.gr
 
This paper presents the design procedure of a single phase 2.0kW on – board charger for electric vehicles (EVs). The design strategy that will be followed manages to combine the appropriate regulation of the mains current, as well as the charging current, among with a simplified P.F.C. control loop that does not include an input current sensing stage. Moreover, the power stage is simplified too, as it is consisted of a single converter only and thus producing high power density. The whole design procedure, as well as simulation and experimental results for this charger and comparison with an additional thyristorised one, will be presented.


L5b: Topic 4: Application of control methods to electrical systems
(J. P. Louis, ENS Cachan, France, G. Asher, University of Nottingham, UK)

 

Fuzzy logic application for improving speed control and captured energy using the wind speed information for wind turbines

M.M.Prats*, E.Galván*, J.M.Carrasco*, J..A.Sánchez*, L.G.Franquelo*, C. Batista**
* Dpto. de Ingeniería Electrónica. Escuela Superior de Ingenieros. Universidad de Sevilla
Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n 41092 Sevilla. Spain. Tel: 954487372
** MADE Energías Renovables, S.A. Torre Europa. Pº Castellana 95, planta 29, 28046 Madrid. Spain
 
This paper describes a fuzzy logic application for improving the variable speed and blade pitch wind turbine performance. The simulated model is going to be implemented using a programmable logic controller as the fuzzy controller designed. The used fuzzy controller as well as improving transition between power optimization and power limitation of the wind turbine at rated wind speed, it also permits to improve the captured wind energy at high wind speed working conditions using wind speed as input controller.


Use of Co-simulation in the Design of Control Devices for Static Converters
 
Régis Ruelland Guillaume Gateau J.C. Hapiot
Laboratoire d’Electrotechnique et d’Electronique Industrielle
Unité Mixte de Recherche I.N.P.T.-E.N.S.E.E.I.H.T. / C.N.R.S.
B.P. 7122 - 2, rue Camichel
31071 Toulouse Cedex 7 - FRANCE
URL : http://www.leei.enseeiht.fr/
email : {ruelland,gateau,hapiot}@leei.enseeiht.fr
e-mail:  ruelland@leei.enseeiht.fr
            gateau@leei.enseeiht.fr
            haiot@leei.enseeiht.fr

 
A new stage called co-simulation in the design cycle of the control devices dedicated to power electronics applications is proposed. In a first part, the interest of this new stage and the establishment of a co-simulation environment is explained. Then, the co-simulation environment is used in the design and the implementation of a non-linear control for multi-cell converter.


Near-time-optimal position control of electrical drives with reluctance synchronous motor

Vittek, Ján*, Dodds, Stephen J.**
*University of Žilina, Dept. of Electric Traction and Energetic, Velký diel, 010 26 Žilina, Slovak Republic, tel.: +421 89 513 2155
fax: +421 89 565 4963
e-mail: vittek@fel.utc.sk

**University of East London, Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 4 University Way, London E16 2RD, UK
tel.: +44 208 223 2379
fax:+44 208 223 2874
e-mail:s.j.dodds@uel.ac.uk
 
A new approach for the position control of electrical drives with reluctance synchronous motors is presented. The principles of time optimal control and forced dynamic control are combined to form a nearly time optimal position control performance in drives equipped with controllers enabling close following of time varying reference position inputs. The position response of a real time model of the closed-loop time optimal control system provides the reference input to the drive control loop. The method is applied here to reluctance synchronous motor with speed control loops based on forced dynamic. Simulation results confirm the near time optimal performance.


Wide Bandwidth Single and Three-Phase PLL Structures for Utility Connected Systems

Sidelmo Magalhães Silva
sidelmo@ieee.org

Lícia Neto Arruda
licia@ieee.org

Braz J. Cardoso Filho
cardosob@cpdee.ufmg.br

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. Pampulha
Belo Horizonte, MG. Brazil
CEP: 32170-010
TEL: +55 (31) 34994841

Phase-locked Loop (PLL) systems have been widely used in many applications involving automatic control, such as communications, instrumentation and electric drives. This paper presents a detailed study of a PLL structure for three-phase grid-tied systems. Its operation under utility distorted conditions is analyzed, as well as its ability to give quasi-instantaneous information of phase, frequency and amplitude of the utility voltages. Additionally, a new PLL structure for single-phase systems is introduced. This new PLL is compared with the conventional zero-crossing PLL type. Small signal models and dynamic stiffness characteristics for the PLL's are presented. Experimental results from a DSP-based system are included to support the theoretical analysis.


L5c: Topic 6: PM and SR motor drives
(W. Schumacher, T.U. Braunschweig, Germany, J. Reinert, Emotron AB, Sweden)

 

Very Simple Robust Digital Position Control Algorithm of PMSM using Neural Network with State Feedback
 
Jong-Sun Ko, Sung-Koo Youn
School of Electrical-Electronic and Information Engineering, Wonkwang University
344-2 Sinyong-Dong
Iksan, South Korea
+82-63-831-6134
jsko@wonkwang.ac.kr
 
A very simple control approach using neural network for the robust position control of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) is presented. The linear quadratic controller plus feedforward neural network is employed to obtain the robust PMSM system approximately linearized using field-orientation method for an AC servo. The neural network is trained in on-line phases and a feedforward recall and error back-propagation training compose this neural network. Since the total numbers of nodes are only eight, this system easily is realized by the general microprocessor. During the normal operation, the input-output response is sampled and the weighting value is trained multi-times by error back-propagation method at each sample period to accommodate the possible variations in the parameters or load torque. And the state space analysis is performed to obtain the state feedback gains systematically. In addition, the robustness is also obtained without affecting overall system response. A floating-point Digital Signal Processor DS1102 Board (TMS320C31) realizes this method. This board provides a free 6.2'' length Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) slot with 16-bits connector. The basic DSP software is used to write C-program, which is compiled by using ANSI-C style function prototypes.


IPM Synchronous Machine Drive Response to Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Short Circuit Faults

Brian A. Welchko†
Thomas M. Jahns†
†Dept. of Elect. and Comp. Engr.
University of Wisconsin-Madison
1415 Engineering Drive
Madison, WI 53706, USA
Tel: 608-262-5702
Fax: 608-262-5559
e-mail: bwelchko@ieee.org
e-mail: jahns@engr.wisc.edu

Wen L. Soong‡
‡University of Adelaide
Dept. of Elect. & Elect. Engr.
Adelaide
South Australia 5005
Tel: 61 8 8303 4117
Fax: 61 8 8303 4360
e-mail: wlsoong@eleceng.adelaide.edu.au

James M. Nagashima*
*General Motors - Advanced Technology Vehicles
3050 Lomita Blvd.
Torrance, CA 90505
Tel: 310-517-5966
Fax: 310-517-5766
e-mail: NagashiJ@pcssmtp.hac.com

A closed-form solution is presented for the steady-state response of interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous machines to symmetrical short circuits including the effects of q-axis magnetic saturation.  Machine response to single-phase asymmetrical short circuits is also investigated.  Experimental data is presented to verify predicted behavior for both types of short circuits.  It is shown that single-phase asymmetrical short circuit faults produce more severe fault responses with high pulsating torque and a significant threat of rotor demagnetization.  A control strategy that purposely transitions such faults into symmetrical three-phase short circuits can minimize the fault severity and associated demagnetization risks.  Implications for the design of IPM machines with improved fault tolerance are discussed.


On The Performance Improvement of  A Novel Hybrid Type Switched Reluctance Motor

Jun OYAMA, Tsuyoshi HIGUCHI, Takashi ABE, Toshinori TANAKA, Eiji YAMADA
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nagasaki University
1-14 Bunkyo-Machi
Nagasaki, JAPAN
+81-95-847-1111/+81-95-846-7379
e-mail:oyama@net.nagasaki-u.ac.jp
http://:www.ec.nagasaki-u.ac.jp
 
In the previous paper, we proposed a cylindrical stator hybrid type switched reluctance motor (SRM) which had a pair of permanent magnets attached on the rotor between the poles. The improvement in the characteristic was confirmed by adopting the permanent magnet torque combined with the reluctance torque. This paper describes the experimental results under an advanced firing angle and an on-state angle control. Furthermore, a new hybrid type SRM with salient pole stator is proposed and the design was optimized by FEM. The remarkable improvement of machine performance in the hybrid type SRM over standard VR type SRM is confirmed with experimental results.


Brushless-DC Motor using Soft Magnetic Composites as a Direct Drive in an Electric Bicycle

Annette Muetze
Dep. of Electrical
Energy Conversion
DARMSTADT UNIV.
OF TECHNOLOGY
Landgraf-Georg-Straße 4
D-64283 Darmstadt
Phone: +49 6151 162167
Fax: +49 6151 166033
Email: amuetze@ew.tu-darmstadt.de

Alan Jack
Dep. Elec.&Electronic Engineering
UNIV. NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE
Newcastle upon Tyne,
Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
Phone: +44 191 222 7343
Fax: +44 191 222 8180
Email: alan.jack@newcastle.ac.uk

Barrie Mecrow
Dep. Elec.&Electronic Engineering
UNIV. NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE
Newcastle upon Tyne,
Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
Phone: +44 191 222 7329
Fax: +44 191 222 8180
Email: barrie.mecrow@newcastle.ac.uk

Recent advances in materials research have produced soft magnetic composites that can be considered for use in electrical machines. New drive concepts are needed to fully take advantage of this new material. An electric bicycle with a new drive with very good performance and low cost is presented. A major part of this drive is a new brushless-dc motor using soft magnetic composites. The motor is also suitable for other drive applications.


L5d: Topic 13: Education
(T. Undeland, NTNU, Norway, A. Vandenput, T.U. Eindhoven, The Netherlands)

 

Environmental Engineering in the Power Electronics Education

Annika Nilsson *, Per Karlsson **, Lars Gertmar **,***
* Department of Building and Environmental Technology
Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Phone: +46 46 222 96 15
Fax: +46 46 222 45 35
** Department of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation
Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Phone: +46 46 222 92 90
Fax: +46 46 14 21 14
*** ABB Corporate Research, Vنsterهs, Sweden
Phone: +46 21 32 31 31
Fax: +46 21 32 32 64
E-mail: annika.nilsson@byggtek.lth.se
           per.karlsson@iea.lth.se
           lars.gertmar@iea.lth.se
 
Sustainable development and engineering ethics as well as social aspects of engineering are emerging issues related to power electronics. Several important topics like environmentally sustainable products and electromagnetic compatibility fit into this description. Therefore, these issues have recently become part of the advanced course on power electronics at Lund University. The authors’ intention with the present overview paper is to share the ingredients and results so far and to review ongoing Nordic activities that could form a basis for others to expand from traditional power electronics. It is our firm opinion that issues like LCA, EPR, EMC, EMI have to be addressed and highlighted in the education of power electronic engineers.


TEACHING POWER ELECTRONICS IN 21 CENTURY
 
P. Bauer, J.Kolar
Delft University of Technology,
Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
e-mail: P.Bauer@its.tudelft.nl
http://ee.its.tudelft.nl/epp/A_Frames.htm

ETH Zurich; Power Electronics Laboratory
Physikstrasse 2, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
e-mail: kolar@lem.ee.ethz.ch

Web based learning tool and two projects oriented practicals for power electronics education are introduced in the paper: problem based learning in the first year of study (Theme project) and design oriented practical for the fourth year of study as a supplement to lectures of Power Electronics.


Students build their own Switched Mode Power Supplies or how to promote

Power Electronics at Universities
Heinz van der Broeck
FH-Kِl
ön University of Applied Sciences Cologne
Betzdorfer Str. 2
50679 Kِ
öln Germany
phone ++49 221 8275 2262
fax ++49 221 8275 2256
heinz.vdbroeck@fh-koeln.de

The paper presents a concept of labwork in “switched mode power supplies” for students at
universities as a supplement to the lecture. Aim of the labwork is to make power electronics more attractive to students, especially to those who originally preferred non power related subjects. Three power circuits have been prepared to be built by the students. These are a step down chopper, a flyback converter and an electronic “DC-DC transformer” based on a series resonant converter. Within the course the students learn to design and build reactive components, they use a smart power IC, insert a voltage control loop and they get an impression of resonant topologies. Thus, the laboratory work covers many different subjects of electrical engineering. The theory is presented in the lecture while most information of the labwork (e.g. datasheets) are available via internet. Up to now the labwork has been carried out 2 times at the FH Kِln and the RWTH Aachen. It found high interest among all participating students who enjoyed building their own SMPS circuits. The success of the labwork can also be seen in the fact that many of the students have been encouraged to chose power electronics as a subject for their diplom thesis.

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Lecture Session 6
 

L6a: Topic 3: Power supplies
(J. Uceda, UPM, Spain, P. Mathys, ULB, Belgium)

 

Application of self-adjusting features of resonant converters

Kuno Janson, Jaan Jevik and Toomas Vinnal
TALLINN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
82 Kopli Str., EE10412
Tallinn, Estonia
Tel.: +(372) 644 989 92
Fax: +(372) 620 3096
E-mail: Jaanvik@cc.ttu.ee
 
For supply consumers, that need approximately constant power at variable load resistance it is suitable to use the converter with alternating parallel and series resonance. Such converter operates like a transformer with variable transforming ratio. The electromagnetic processes in the converter and the converter parameters at different loads are described.


Optimised pulse modulation for plasma power supply

Peter Schmitt
Dipl. El. Ing. ETH
ETH Zürich. Professur für elektrotechnische Entwicklungen und Konstruktionen
Technoparkstr. 1
CH-8005 Zürich, Schweiz
e-mail: schmitt@eek.ee.ethz.ch
 
Christian Gerster
Dr. sc. techn., Dipl. El. Ing. ETH
Sulzer Electronics AG, Neue Technologien und Innovationen
Technoparkstr. 1
CH-8005 Zürich, Schweiz
e-mail: christian.gerster@bluewin.ch

In this paper, a new modulation technique is introduced that combines current- and voltage mode control with active pulse balancing to prevent saturation of the transformer of a modular switched mode power supply for plasma applications. Transformers with amorphous alloy or nano-crystallin alloy core materials can be operated efficiently in the medium-frequency range with resonant IGBT circuits. The switching commands for the power semiconductor are preferably digitally generated. The modulation technique was realized with a CPLD and tested in a digital controlled plasma supply.


Asymmetrical rectifier with isolated secondary regulation in multiple-output applications

M. Michon, J.L. Duarte & M. Hendrix
Technical University of Eindhoven
P.O.Box 513 - 5600 MB
Eindhoven, The Netherlands
Tel: +31/(0)40-2473504/ Fax: +31(0)40-2434364
m.m.j.a.michon@tue.nl

A soft-switching DC-DC power supply with isolated multiple outputs is described. It has the ability to provide regulation for the outputs without using secondary-to-primary feedback signals. The rectifiers on the secondary side are operated with asymmetrical conduction times and can be independently regulated. As an application example, a three-output converter for feeding high perfor-mance LEDs is analyzed, modeled and implemented. Relevant measurements from a 50W/200kHz prototype are given.


Robust Deadbeat Control for UPS using State and Disturbance Observers

P. Mattavelli
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Padova
Via Gradenigo 6/a, 35131 Padova - ITALY
Phone: +39-049-827.7525 Fax: +39-049-827.7599
e-mail: mattavelli@light.dei.unipd.it

 
This paper investigates the use of deadbeat control on both output voltage and inductor current for the inverter stage of Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS). Besides the linear state feedback which allocates system poles in the origin so as to achieve deadbeat response for all state variables, this paper proposes the use of a state observer and a disturbance observer for the compensation of the computational delay and for the estimation of the load current, respectively. In the proposed solution, undesired oscillations on the inductor current, which usually occur when the deadbeat control is performed only on the output voltage, are avoided. Moreover, with a proper design of observer parameters, it is possible to minimise the control sensitivity to model uncertainties, parameter mismatches and noise on sensed variables, which usually characterize existing deadbeat control techniques. Finally, an additional control provision is proposed for the implementation of the current limitation of the power converter. Simulation and experimental results on a single-phase UPS laboratory prototype (1 kVA) confirm the effectiveness of the proposed solution.


A Non-Linear Control Applied to the Half-Bridge Complementary-Control Converter
 
Josep M. Guerrero, Luis Garcia de Vicuña, José Matas, Miguel Castilla
UNIVERSITAT POLITECNICA DE CATALUNYA
C. Comte d’Urgell, 187
08036 Barcelona, Spain
Telephone: +34 93 413 72 90
Fax: +34 93 413 74 01
josep.m.guerrero@upc.es
 
In this paper a large-signal model for the Half-Bridge Complementary-Control (HBCC) converter is presented in order to deduce a non-linear control for this conversion structure. The procedure proposed allows to obtain a fast controller that provides both tight regulation and a robust voltage response against input voltage and load disturbances.


L6b: Topic 4+5: Advanced control of power converters
(P. B. Thoegersen, Danfoss Drives A/S, Denmark, M. Braun, University of Karlsruhe, Germany)

 

Simple Digital Control of Converters using Building Blocks
 
Martin Ossmann
Aachen University of Applied Sciences
Eupener Str. 70
52066 Aachen, Germany
Phone: +49-241-6009-2135

Digital control of converters usually needs a fast PWM generator and fast DSP processing.
It is shown that using the direct digital synthesis (DDS) principle it is possible to generate a high resolution PWM-like control with much less processing power and low clock rates. This is achived by dithering on a coarse scale with low computational e®ort. If the Sigma-Delta principle is used as concept for analog to digital conversion it is possible to built complete controllers that are mainly based on digital circuitry. We show how to control converters with simple, cheap and low-power digital circuitry with the °exibility of software.
Results from implementations are shown. As example a single-active-switch two-output converter
has been built where both outputs are regulated using a 8 bit microcontroller.


Optimal State Feedback Control of a Vector Controlled Current Source Rectifier
 

Alfons Klönne                                            

Christian-Abrechts-University of Kiel                

Power Electronics and Electrical Drives         

Kaiserstr. 2                                                            

24143 Kiel, Germany

 Phone: +49 431 / 880-6104 

 Fax:     +49 431 / 880-6103  

ak@tf.uni-kiel.de

http://www.tf.uni-kiel.de/etech/LEA
                          

Friedrich W. Fuchs
Christian-Abrechts-University of Kiel
Power Electronics and Electrical Drives

Kaiserstr. 2
24143 Kiel, Germany

Phone: +49 431 / 880-6100
Fax:     +49 431 / 880-6103
fwf@tf.uni-kiel.de
http://www.tf.uni-kiel.de/etech/LEA


Pulsewidth modulated current source rectifiers find their application in three phase current source power converters for variable speed drives. Special attention has to be given to the control at the line side because of the LC-Filter with low damping constant. This investigation firstly reports the design and analysis of the multivariable optimal state feedback control for the current source rectifier. Here the dc link is equipped with an ohmic load. In optimal control, the control strategy is sought that gives the best trade-off between performance and cost of control. High stability and robustness against parameter changes are two important advantages of optimal control. The line side rectifier has been modelled within the separated d-q-frame. The proposed method enables the independent control of the active and reactive component of the supply current vector. A performance index with quadratic weighting is chosen so that a stable operational behaviour and small resonances at the mains are achieved. The model of the system with multivariable optimal state feedback control was investigated in simulations with varying weighting parameters for stationary and dynamic behaviour. Finally, the control has been implemented in a DSP-system and FPGA-kit. Experimental results are presented to a 22 kW converter test bench.


Robust Fuzzy-Sliding Mode Control for Motor Drives operating with Variable Loads and Pre-defined System Noise Limits

Jesus Arellano-Padilla, G. M. Asher, Member, IEEE and M. Sumner, Member, IEEE
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
Tel: +44 (0)115 9515545
Fax: +44 (0)115 9515616
Email: eexja@nottingham.ac.uk
 
This paper reviews and develops a new approach to Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control (FSMC) for the robust speed control of practical motor drives systems. Robustness is achieved through the definition of real time reference transient trajectory for the SMC switching function. This trajectory error is the input for a fuzzy interpolation between control laws corresponding to the boundary values of the plant parameters. The paper reviews the background of the approach and develops design procedures for the fuzzy interpolation and membership values to yield robust performance for a very large range of parameter variations and hence requiring little or no knowledge of the load by a commissioning engineer. Experimental results using a Vector Controlled Induction Machines (VCIM) for both drive and dynamometer are presented.


Fuzzy Logic Based Pulse Width Modulation for Power Converters

A. Dell'Aquila and M. Liserre
Dipartimento di Elettrotecnica ed Elettronica - Politecnico di Bari
via E.Orabona 4, 70125
Bari, Italy
Tel +39-080-5963.263 Fax +39-080-5963.410
E-mail: dellaqui@poliba.it
            liserre@poliba.it

The aim of the fuzzy logic based Pulse Width Modulation is to obtain a direct current control of three-phase power converters; in recent years it has already been tested in different applications with different reference signals. In the paper the introduction of the fuzzy modulation is motivated and its history is described with reference to papers present in literature. A deep theoretical analysis of how to derive the fuzzy rules both for the space-vector and separate-phase modulations is presented and discussed with the simulation results. Different types of algorithms for the fuzzy modulation, employing a different number of rules are also included.


Discrete Sliding Mode Control of a DC-AC Boost Converter

José Matas Alcalá, Luis Garciá de Vicuña, and Oscar López Lapeña
Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña
Av. Victor Balaguer s/n. (08800) Vilanova i la Geltrú
matas@eel.upc.es
vicuna@eel.upc.es
oscar@eel.upc.es

This paper proposes the design of a discrete sliding control of a boost dc-ac converter. The sliding control surfaces are designed by imposing a desired dynamic behavior on the system, which allows us to determine the main parameters of the sliding mode controller, and is specially interesting in tracking problems. This procedure leads to a discrete-time switching surfaces, which provide robustness with regard to external disturbances, and a good dynamic response of the output voltage.


L6c: Topic 6: DTC and Sensorless Control
(Emil Levi, Liverpool John Moores University, UK, F. Profumo, Politecnico de Torino, Italy)
 


Novel Fuzzy Logic Direct Torque Control

A. Arias, J. L. Romeral, E. Aldabas, M. G. Jayne(*)
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Campus Terrassa
C. Colom 1. 08222 Terrassa. Catalunya. Spain.
Tel:+34 937398015 Fax: +34 937398016
arias@eel.upc.es

(*)University of Glamorgan.
Pontypridd. CF371DL. Wales. United Kingdom

A brief review of the classical Direct Torque Control (c_DTC) in induction motors with its fundamental principles and schemas is realised. Once the c_DTC is fully and deeply described, its main drawbacks are introduced. It is one of the goals of the present paper to overcome one of the worst disadvantages of the DTC, which is the existence of a considerable ripple in its torque response. The reduction in the torque ripple is achieved by means of a two state modulator. Due to the fact that the torque ripple reduction involve non-linear functions, the two state modulator is controlled by means of a fuzzy logic controller. Then, a novel Fuzzy Logic DTC controller, which is based on the classical c_DTC but includes a Fuzzy Logic Controlled modulator, is fully described.
Finally, an optimised way of calculating the stator reference flux value is presented, which can be applied in any kind of induction motor drive. This optimised stator flux reference value not only improves the torque ripple, but also could reduce the power consumption taken from the mains supply. Results are shown to corroborate all the presented work.


A novel Presentation of the direct torque and stator flux control for induction motor drives
 
(1&2) Ahmad Ammar NAASSANI(1), Eric MONMASSON(2), Jean Paul LOUIS(3)
Laboratoire Electricité Signaux Robotique (LESiR), IUP GEII, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, Rue d’Eragny, Neuville-sur-Oise, F-95031 Cergy-Pontoise.
Tel (33) 1 34 25 68 91
Fax : (33) 1 34 25 69 01
e-mail : ammar.naassani@iupge.u-cergy.fr
            eric.monmasson@iupge.u-cergy.fr

(3) Laboratoire Electricité Signaux Robotique (LESiR), ENS Cachan
61, Avenue du Président Wilson, F-94230 Cachan
Tel: (33) 1 47 40 21 15
Fax: (33) 1 47 40 21 99
e-mail: jean-paul.louis@lesir.ens-cachan.fr

In this paper, a novel approach of the DTSFC for induction machine is proposed. Differently from basic version of DTSFC, the stator flux vector reference is predicted using two methods. Based on one of these, the inverter voltage vectors can be generated by several control strategies, bang-bang, SVM, and switching table. The validity of the proposed methods is verified by experimental tests.


A Unified Predictive DTC Algorithm for AC Machine Sensorless Control
 
Maria Stefania Carmeli , Antonello Monti
Dipartimento di Elettrotecnica - Politecnico di Milano
Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32 - 20133 Milano (Italy)
Phone number: +39 02 2399 3702
Fax number: +39 02 2399 3703
e-mail: carmeli@bottani.etec.polimi.it

Department of Electrical Engineering - University of South Carolina
Swearingen Center, Columbia - SC, 29208 (USA)
Phone number: +1 803 777 2722
Fax number: : +1 803 777 8045
e-mail: monti@engr.sc.edu
 
This paper proposes a new unified sensorless Direct Torque Control (DTC) algorithm for AC ma-chines. The scheme overcomes the main DTC limits. In particular a predictive algorithm able to control both stator flux and torque is introduced and a constant inverter switching frequency is obtained. Laboratory results on brushless and asynchronous machine are reported.


Dynamical Performances of Sensorless Induction Motor Drive with Different Flux and Speed Observers

T. Orlowska-Kowalska, P. Wojsznis, C.T. Kowalski
Wroclaw University of Technology
Institute of Electric Machines, Drives and Metrology
ul. Smoluchowskiego 19, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland
Ph:(48 71) 203546; Fax: (48 71) 203467
e-mail: tok@imne.pwr.wroc.pl.

 
Sensorless vector control of induction motor drives requires knowledge of the instantaneous value of the rotor flux and speed. Various methods of the rotor flux and speed estimation were recently used, based on the mathematical models of the induction machine, on nonlinear phenomena caused by rotor excentricity or other motor saliences and based on neural networks. The main goal of the paper is the comparison of chosen flux and speed observers in simulation – from the point of view of sensitivity to motor parameter changes, as well as in experiments - from the point of view of proper work in dynamical states and low speed region. The four different concepts were tested: two flux simulators, reduced and full order flux observers, with speed calculated based on estimated flux components and so called adaptive speed observ er (MRAS) based on full order flux observer and adaptive speed loop.
The results of simulated and laboratory tests are presented and the estimation quality is evaluated.


Position-Sensorless Drive of the Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Wide Speed Range

N. Nomura, A. Toba, T. Yamasaki, S. Ozaki, H. Ohsawa
Fuji Electric Corporate Research and Development, Ltd.
1, Fuji-machi, Hino-city, Tokyo 191-8502, Japan
TEL: +81 42 586 1102
FAX: +81 42 586 9665
nomura-naofumi@fujielectric.co.jp
 
A novel position-sensorless drive with torque linear control for the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) is presented in this paper. The system has full speed-range drive capabilities from zero to and over the base speed, which is a key requirement from the market. To save energy and to reduce the capacity of IPMSM drive system, some methods have been reported. However, it is difficult to realize these algorithms while controlling the torque, because of the nonlinearity between torque and current due to the IPMSM’s saliency. To cope with this problem, we propose a torque control method based on regulation of the load angle. The proposed control strategy has been experimentally tested by using three types of IPMSM, each having a different base speed. Stable sensorless operation over the whole speed range has been obtained, regardless of types of the motor. The system can drive IPMSM until to 7200[r/min], which is very high speed. Therefore, the system can be applied for wide uses.


L6d: Topic 11: System Engineering
(Mats Alakula, IEA-LTH, Sweden, U. Putz, Consultant, Germany)

 

Modeling and HF Performance of Power Cables in Electrical Motor Drives

Mario Cacciato, Alfio Consoli, Luca Finocchiaro
DEES - University of Catania
Viale A. Doria, 6 95125 Catania, ITALY
E-mail: aconsoli@dees.unict.it

Antonio Testa
DFMTFA – University of Messina
Salita Sperone, 31 98166 Messina, ITALY
E-mail: testa@ingegneria.unime.it
http://www.dees.unict.it/users/empeg/

By referring to Induction Motor Drive (IMD) systems, the present paper investigates the influence on the power cables connecting the inverter to the motor of dangerous motor overvoltages and electromagnetic emissions. In order to predict such phenomena, a suitable modeling of standard cables is obtained by finite element analysis. By connecting the model of the cable with a proper High Frequency (HF) model of the induction machine and the converter, a representation of the whole drive is developed. SPICE simulations are carried out using the proposed drive model and compared with experimental results obtained on a standard 1,1 kW induction motor drive.


Fault detection and classification approach for a converter fed permanent magnets synchronous machine

O. CUREA, B. DAKYO, G. BARAKAT, J. RAHARIJAONA
G.R.E.A.H. Université du Havre
25, rue Philippe Lebon, BP 540, 76058
LE HAVRE, FRANCE
Tel.: +33-2.32.74.43.31
Fax: +33-2.32.74.43.38
curea@univ-lehavre.fr
dakyo@univ-lehavre.fr
http://www.univ-lehavre.fr/recherche/greah/

The aim of the study is to carry out a converter fed machine behaviour and malfunction from only electrical data (voltages and currents). In this purpose, based on phasor diagram, Fourier transform and complexified power analysis, we present here the neural networks and fuzzy logic techniques for detection and classification.


Bond Graph Multi-time Scale Analysis of a Railway Traction System

G. Gandanegara1, B. Sareni1, X. Roboam1, G. Dauphin-Tanguy2
1LEEI, UMR INPT-ENSEEIHT/CNRS No 5828
2 Rue Camichel BP 7122, 31071 Toulouse Cedex, France
Xavier.Roboam@leei.enseeiht.fr


2
LAIL, Ecole Centrale de Lille, UPRESA CNRS 8021
BP 48, 59651 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
gdt@ec-lille.fr


The unified formalism of bond graphs is applicable to designing, modeling and analyzing complex and heterogeneous physical systems. Moreover, various order-reduction methods can be applied directly on bond graph models in order to simplify them. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the characteristics and the advantages of the bond graph formalism, considering as an example, model simplification methods of a railway traction system. Several simulations are carried out in order to validate the simplified models. The analysis of couplings on these models highlights the elements that cause perturbations, such as mechanical resonance.


A New Hybrid Filter Versus a Shunt Active Power Filter

Joep Jacobs, Dirk Detjen, Rik W. De Doncker
Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives
RWTH-Aachen, Germany
Jägerstraße 17-19
Aachen, Germany
Tel. +49 241 806925
Fax. +49 241 67505
jj@isea.rwth-aachen.de
http://www.isea.rwth-aachen.de

In this paper a new Shunt Hybrid Power Filter (SHPF) to compensate harmonic currents is proposed. The SHPF comprises power factor correction capacitors and a transformer in series. The primary windings of the transformer are fed by a three-phase current controlled voltage source inverter. The working principle and the control strategy of the SHPF is discussed in detail. Simulations show the performance of the proposed filter. Furthermore, the performance of the SHPF is compared to the performance of the well-known Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF). It is shown that better results are achieved with the new SHPF topology. To verify the simulations, a laboratory prototype was built. The experimental results of this prototype are compared to detailed simulations


Industrial characterization of the field radiated by a magnetic component. Theoretical and experimental aspects.

J. Lorange, B. Cogitore
Microspire
16, Parc d’activité du Beau Vallon
57970 Illange
Tel : 03.82.59.13.33

T. CREUZET
Institut Universitaire de Technologie 1.
Bp 67
38402 St-Martin d’Hères Cédex

J-P. Keradec, J-L Schanen,
C. Brun
L.E.G-E.N.S.I.E.G (UMR 5529)
Rue de la Houille Blanche. BP 46
38402 St-Martin d’Hères Cédex
Tel : 04.76.82.62.99
 

The presented work aims to characterize the magnetic field produced by magnetic components up to 50 cm far and 10 MHz. To sum up all the practical results by less than 15 parameters, we use limited multipole expansion together with related spherical harmonic functions. Measurement of loop antenna voltage needs special care because it often is in the mV range. In this paper we describe our theoretical approach and the measurement bench which has been built. To end, we present some preliminary results regarding a current loop.


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