Abstracts
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Lecture Session 3

 

L3a: Topic 1: Power Integration, New devices, Simulation and Modelling
(J.L. Sanchez, LAAS, France, P. Aloïsi, France)
 

A New High Voltage Schottky Diode based on Silicon Carbide (SiC)

Dipl. Ing. Frank Phlippen, Dr. Ing. Bruno Burger
ISET - Institut fuer Solare Energieversorgungstechnik e.V.
Koenigstor 59
34119 Kassel, Germany
Tel.: +49-(0)561-7294-0; FAX: +49-(0)561-7294-400
email: fphlippen@iset.uni-kassel.de
http://www.iset.uni-kassel.de
 

The test results of a new high voltage (600 V) SiC based Schottky diode for switch mode power supplies are presented. The diode enables more freedom to the developer with respect to thermal design, switching frequency, efficiency and EMI suppression. The results show the switching characteristics as well as the temperature depending steady state behaviour. The diode is compared with two different types of diodes: a standard Ultra Fast Diode (UFS) and two 300 V Diodes in series (tandem diode).
A power factor controller (PFC) has been designed to test the EMI behaviour and efficiency of the PFC only. The PFC has a nominal power of 200 W and an input range from 90 V‑264 V. This paper will show that efficiency of the PFC only can be increased from 95,9% to 96,4% at a switching frequency of 100 kHz. The advantage of the SiC device starts from higher switching frequencies on.
 The EMI behaviour shows that the SiC diode has advantages in the range of 20-30 MHz and above, compared with a standard Ultra Fast diode (UFS).


New concept of Integrated Inverter and its experimentation in service

Daniel FELLMANN
ALSTOM
Rue du Docteur Guinier-BP4
65600 Séméac (France)
Tel. 33 (0)5 62 53 48 20
Fax 33 (0)5 62 53 46 00
e-mail: daniel.fellmann@transport.alstom.com
 
A one-year experimentation in revenue service of a new concept of inverter is presented.
This experimentation has been performed on the underground line N°1 of the RATP between “Château de Vincennes” and “La Défense”, one of the most frequented lines in Paris.
For this experimentation, an asynchronous traction drive has been modified using a two level voltage inverter based on new concepts. The main principles supporting these new concepts will be described. They have led to three types of innovation, which have been applied during the design:
· Thermal integration: Direct water cooling on IGBT base plate,
· Electrical integration: Direct connection IGBTs / capacitors,
· Functional integration: inverter & cooling system in one removable sub-assembly.
 
A data acquisition system have allowed us to follow this experimentation and provide data on the main physical parameters (water temperature, air speed,…). An analysis of these data will be proposed.


±600V ±2A TRIAC IN SOI SUBSTRATES FOR DOMESTIC APPLICATIONS
 
Benoît GIFFARD, Barbara CHARLET, Laurent CLAVELIER, Christel BUJ-DUFOURNET
CEA/G, LETI, Département des Technologies Silicium, 17, rue des Martyrs
38054 CEDEX9, GRENOBLE, France
Tél : 33 (0)4 38 78 98 16 / FAX : 33 (0)4 38 78 94 56
E-mail : Benoit.Giffard@cea.fr
 
Sophie GIMONET, Christine ANCEAU, Franck DUCLOS, Robert PEZZANI,
Jean-Baptiste QUOIRIN
STMicroelectronics, 16, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, BP 7155, 37071 Tours Cedex2, France
 
 
 Symmetric Thyristors (or TRIAC) are largely used in the mains AC voltage range. In this paper, this device is presented in a completely isolated structure on SOI (Silicon on Insulator) substrate. This approach opens the way to chips providing multiple AC switches for domestic applications.


A New IGBT with Reverse Blocking Capability

A. Lindemann
IXYS Semiconductor GmbH
Edisonstrasse 15, D – 68623 Lampertheim
http://www.IXYX.net
 
 
A new IGBT has been developed, providing reverse blocking capability.
This feature is needed in various applications, such as in current source inverters, resonant circuits, bidirectional switches or matrix converters.
This paper presents technology of the monolithic chip and its operational behaviour, measured with first samples in typical circuits.


The Utilization of Diamond and Diamond-Like Carbon Substrates for High-Performance Power Electronic Packaging Applications
 
A.B. Lostetter, K. J. Olejniczak, A. P. Malshe†, W. D. Brown, and Aicha Elshabini
Department of Electrical Engineering
Department of Mechanical Engineering†
University of Arkansas
3217 Bell Engineering Center
Fayetteville, AR 72701
Phone: (501)-575-2248
Fax: (501)-575-7967
Email: kjo@engr.uark.edu

 
Diamond and diamond-like carbons (DLCs) possess the unique combination of excellent thermal conduction, electrical insulation, and mechanical properties that make them candidate materials of choice for power packaging applications (specifically those requiring high-performance thermal management solutions). This paper discusses the advantages of utilizing diamond and DLC substrate technology in power packaging applications, including: DLC processing issues, the results of experimental testing of preliminary diamond power packages (in comparison with analytical and 3-D FLOTHERM computer simulations), and the analysis of current prototype diamond power package designs and models.


A NEW MONOLITHIC SMART IGBT FOR MOTOR CONTROL APPLICATIONS

A. Alessandria, L. Fragapane, S. Musumeci
STMicroelectronics s.r.l.
Stradale Primosole, 50
95121 Catania, Italy
Phone +39 095 7401111
Fax +39 095 7407099
antonio.alessandria@st.com - leonardo.fragapane@st.comsalvatore.musumeci@st.com
http://www.st.com

This paper deals with a new power device that joins the characteristics of a fast-switching PowerMesh™ IGBT with some protection features. A driver circuit is integrated in the power device to implement over-current protection and soft thermal shutdown. A high-voltage collector-gate clamp is also provided to improve U.I.S. capability. The current limitation also ensures a highly short-circuit rated device. Moreover, the low threshold voltage and input current make it possible to drive the device directly from the output pin of a microprocessor. The static and dynamic behavior of the device will be illustrated and a case of application will be suggested.


L3b: Topic 2: Power Converter Circuits & Control
(G. Maggetto, VUB, Belgium, A. Van den Bossche, RUG, Belgium)

 

A High Efficiency Large Capacity 3-Level GCT Converter with Regenerative Voltage Clamping Circuit

Hideo Okayama and Toshiyuki Fujii
MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION
8-1-1, Tsukaguchi-Honmachi
Amagasaki, Japan
+81-6-6497-7697/+81-6-6497-7726
okayama@con.sdl.melco.co.jpfujii@con.sdl.melco.co.jp

This paper proposes an improved 3-level GCT converter for large capacity adjustable speed drives.
The main circuit topology of the 3-level converter is also well-known as a neutral-point-clamped converter.In this field, improving power conversion efficiency and increasing power conversion capacity are very important subjects to solve. Realizing high efficiency, a regenerative voltage clamping circuit is newly applied. And introducing a transient junction temperature analysis of power devices, the maximum output capacity is ensured. These technologies can contribute to improvement of the 3-level GCT converter especially using 6kV/6kA GCTs which is the maximum capacity in the world at this moment.


A Novel Zero-Voltage Switched Converter for an Electronic Ballast

Søren Bækhøj Kjær
Institute of Energy Technology
Aalborg University
Pontoppidanstræde 101
DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
Phone: +45 9635 9252
e-mail: sbk@iet.auc.dk

Thomas Lundgren Andersen
Grundfos Pump Factory A/S
DK-8850 Bjerringbro, Denmark
e-mail : tandersen@grundfos.com

Bjarne Søndergård Henriksen
Grundfos Pump Factory A/S
DK-8850 Bjerringbro, Denmark
e-mail : bhenriksen@grundfos.com

Aðalsteinn Ólafsson
Bang & Olufsen A/S
DK-7600 Struer, Denmark
e-mail: aos@bang-olufsen.dk


This paper presents the design of a novel converter for fluorescent lamps. A standard converter feeds the lamp with a high frequency voltage. Reduced electrical noise is obtained in the designed ballast with DC lamp operation. Tests on the fluorescent lamp revealed that it is suitable for DC operation.


A High Efficiency Induction Furnace Controlled By A Resonant IGBT Inverter
 
Ricardo Fuentes
IEEE Senior Member
rifuente@eli.utfsm.cl
 
Patricio Lagos
IEEE Member
 idt@ctcinternet.cl

Juan Bustos
idt@ctcinternet.cl

In this paper a 250 kW electric furnace designed with a controlled rectifier (thyristors) – DC boost (IGBT) converter – resonant inverter (IGBT) is presented. It shows a high power factor and high efficiency at rated power. Frequency of inverter varies according to the load tank resonance. It is connected directly to AC lines (380 V, 550 V) and do not need a transformer, as is done in most of the cases.


Phase-shifted parallel-input/series-output dual inductor-fed push-pull converter for high-power step-up applications

Jeong-il Kang1, Chung-Wook Roh2, Gun-Woo Moon1, and Myung-Joong Youn1
1Department of Electrical Engineering
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
373-1 Kusong-Dong, Yusong-Gu, Taejon 305-701, Korea
Phone: 82-42-869-3422
Fax: 82-42-869-3410
E-mail: mmyoun@ee.kaist.ac.kr

2Samsung Electronics Co., LTD
416, Maetan-3dong, Paldal-gu, Suwon City, Kyungki-do, 442-742, Korea
Phone: 82-31-200-5502
Fax: 82-42-200-5387
E-mail: njw@samsung.co.kr
 
A new phase-shifted parallel-input/series-output (PISO) dual inductor-fed push-pull converter for high-power step-up applications is proposed. It is based on a two-module PISO modular dual inductor-fed push-pull converter operating at a constant duty cycle and employs an auxiliary circuit to control the output voltage with a phase-shift between two modules. It shows a voltage conversion characteristic which is linear and less sensitive to changes in the control input, and a high step-up ratio with a greatly reduced switch turn-off stress resulting in a significant improvement in the power conversion efficiency. It also shows a low ripple content and low root-mean-square (RMS) current in the output capacitor. The operational principle is analyzed and a comparative analysis with the conventional two-module PISO modular dual inductor-fed push-pull converter is presented. A 50kHz, 800W, 350Vdc prototype with an input of 20 – 32Vdc has also been constructed to validate the proposed converter. The proposed converter compares favorably with the conventional counterpart and is considered well suited to high-power step-up applications.


Multiloop Feedback Control Strategy in Sine-Wave Voltage Inverter for an Adjustable Speed Cage Induction Motor Drive System
 
Robert SELIGA, Wlodzimierz KOCZARA
WARSAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
INSTITUTE OF CONTROL AND INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland
Tel. +48-22-6294991
Fax. +48-22-6226956

koczara@isep.pw.edu.pl
 seligar@ee.pw.edu.pl
http://www.ee.pw.edu.pl
 
The paper describes results on the development of a topology and control of a three-phase DC/AC inverter for an adjustable speed cage induction motor drive system. A multiloop state variables feedback control technique is proposed for a DC/AC PWM converter with LC filter to provide a wide range frequency and amplitude sinusoidal voltage.


Analytical and Numerical Computation of RMS Current Stress on the DC Link Capacitor in Multiphase Voltage Source PWM Inverters

M. Lazzari, F. Profumo A. Tenconi
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica Ind.
Politecnico di Torino
Torino, Italy
tel: +39.011.564.71.00
tenconi@polito.it
http://www.polito.it/research/eeeee

G. Grieco
Ansaldo Signal
Ansaldo Segnalamento Ferroviario S.p.A.
Piossasco (TO), Italy
tel: +39.011.9039.331
grieco.giambattista@asf.ansaldo.it
http://www.finmeccanica.it

Multiphase (more than three phases) motor drives have some potential advantages as widely discussed in the literature. The sizing of the DC-link capacitor is based on the rms current value; in particular, if the drive is supplied by a dc source, the current through the capacitor is basically determined by inverter input current AC component. The analytical computation of the capacitor rms current value is extended from the 3-phase systems to the multiphase and the overall procedure is shown in the paper. The consistency of the analytical approach is validated by the results of the digital simulation.


L3c: Topic 6: Motion Control / Machine-converter interactions
(Y. Perriard, EPFL, Switzerland, E. Kiel, Lenze, Germany)

 

Control structures for Multi-machine Multi-converter Systems with downstream coupling

A. Bouscayrol1, B. Davat2, B. de Fornel3, B. François1, J. P. Hautier1, F. Meibody-Tabar2, E. Monmasson4, M. Pietrzak-David3, H. Razik2

1L2EP Lille, bât. P2, USTL, 59 655 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France,

Alain.Boucayrol@univ-lille1.fr
Tel: 33-3-20-43-42-53

2GREEN, UPRESA-CNRS n°7037, ENSEM, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54 600 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
Farid.Meibody-Tabar@ensem.u-nancy.fr
Tel: 33-3-83-59-56-74,

3LEEI, UMR-CNRS n°5828, ENSEEIHT, 2 rue Camichel, 31 071 Toulouse cedex, France

Maria.David@leei.enseeiht.fr
Tel: 33-5-61-58-83-64.

4LESiR, UPRESA-CNRS n°8029, LESiR - IUP GEII de Cergy, rue d'Eragny, Neuville sur Oise, 95031 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France, Eric.Monmasson@iupge.u-cergy.fr
Tel: 33-1 34 25 69 01.

1,2,3,4 MMS Project of the GDR-SDSE of the French CNRS

Alain.Boucayrol@univ-lille1.fr
http://www.univ-lille1.fr/l2ep/web-mms.htm


 
A multi-machine multi-converter system formalism has been proposed in order to describe systems composed of several electrical machines and converters. In this paper, this formalism is extended to the control structures of some of them, which own specific couplings. An example of each coupling type is given: electrical coupling (paralleling converter), magnetic coupling (double-star induction machine), mechanical coupling (electric vehicle).



Modeling and Evaluation of dv/dt Filters for
AC Drives with High Switching Speed
 

A. F. Moreira T. A. Lipo G. Venkataramanan
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering
1415 Engineering Dr.
Madison, WI, USA, 53706
Phone: +1-608-265-3821
Fax: +1-608-262-5559

S. Bernet
ABB Corporate Research
Electrical Drive Systems (DECRC/E4)
Speyerer Strasse 4
Heidelberg, Germany, D-69115
Phone: +49 (0) 6221-596229
Fax: +49 (0) 6221-596353

Recent advances in power electronic switching device technology have resulted in dramatic improvements and cost reduction of pulse-width modulated AC adjustable speed drives. Concomitant with the better performance enabled by the high switching speed and increased switching frequency they have also raised several concerns related to the consequences of high speed switching. One of these concerns is the over-voltage that appears at the motor terminals due to the impedance mismatch between the power cable and the motor. This paper develops accurate simulation models for power cables and motors that allow a better understanding of the over-voltage problem. The models can be readily implemented using computational tools like Matlab, thereby providing a convenient method to develop the best dv/dt filter solution for a particular drive. The power cable is modeled using several lumped-parameter segments of a lossy representation of transmission line. An algebraic analysis is developed to choose an adequate number of lumped-parameter segments. The number of required segment is function of the pulse rise time, cable characteristic parameters and cable length. Simulation results are presented analyzing the over-voltage problem for a wide range of pulse rise times and cable lengths for 1hp, 10hp and 100hp motors. The most important filter network solutions are investigated using the simulation program and an optimized design is performed for the RC Filter at the motor terminals. Experimental results verifying the validity of the model for the over-voltage analysis are presented.


Dynamic Modeling of Hysteresis in Harmonic Drives

Rached Dhaouadi
American University of Sharjah, Division of Electrical, Electronics
and Computer Engineering, P.O. Box 26666, Sharjah, U.A.E.
Tel: +971-6-5055927
Fax: +971-6-5055979
E-mail: rdhaouadi@aus.ac.ae

Prasanna Gandhi
Rice University, Department of Mechanical Engineering
6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, U.S.A.
Tel: (713) 348 3605
Fax: (713) 348 5423
E-mail: gandhips@rice.edu

Fathi Ghorbel
Rice University, Department of Mechanical Engineering
6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, U.S.A.
Tel: (713) 348 3738
Fax: (713) 348 5969
E-mail: ghorbel@rice.edu
 
A new dynamic model is proposed to describe the hysteresis phenomenon in harmonic drives using the heredity concept of dynamic systems. The hysteresis is represented by a combination of nonlinear stiffness and damping components leading to a mathematically well-posed nonlinear differential equation. The model parameters are identified using experimental data and optimization techniques.


Flexible Structure's Identification and Robust Vibration Suppression Control

A.Forrai S.Hashimoto H.Funato K.Kamiyama
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Utsunomiya University
7-1-2 Yoto, Utsunomiya-shi, Tochigi-ken, 321-8585, JAPAN
Tel: +81-28-689-6089; Fax +81-28-689-6009
E-mail: Sandor.Forrai@altavista.net

The paper deals with active vibration suppression control of flexible structures considering a robust control perspective. The considered experimental set-up is a three-storey flexible structure with an active mass driver placed on the last storey. First, the considered flexible structure is identified and the model's parametric uncertainties are deduced. Next, control constraints are presented for the robust control design problem. Finally, the effectiveness of the control system is tested through experiments, when the input disturbance is assumed to be a sinusoidal one as well as a historical earthquake record (1940 El Centro record).


Model and Control of a Travelling Wave Ultrasonic Motor


Giraud* Frédéric, Lemaire-Semail** Betty, Hautier*** Jean-Paul
Laboratoire d’électrotechnique et d’électronique de puissance de Lille ( L2EP )
*Ecole Centrale de Lille, BP48, F-59651 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex
**USTL-EUDIL, Avenue Paul Langevin, F-59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex
*** ENSAM, Boulevard Louis XIV, F-59046 Lille Cedex France
frederic.giraud@etudiant.univ-lille1.fr,


The paper proposes a model of a piezoelectric TWUM adapted to its control. The model described by a Causal Ordering Graph is first established using the amplitudes of the two stationary waves. Transient operations and steady state experimental results check the validity of the model. A control scheme is then proposed in a rotating reference frame.


A New Identification Method for Stator Core-Loss Resistance of AC Motors
 
Shinji Shinnaka
Department of Electrical Engineering, Kanagawa University
3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawaku, Yokohama 221-8686 Japan
Phone: 81-45-481-5661
Fax: 81-45-491-7915
E-mail: shinnaka@cc.kanagawa-u.ac.jp
 
This paper proposes a new unified method for identifying equivalent stator core-loss resistance of AC motors, which can be applied to both of induction and synchronous motors. In order to make the AC motors exhibit high performance such as precise torque generation and/or efficient energy transmission, stator core-loss cannot be neglected in designing vector control systems. It is common to model stator core-loss in magnetic circuit as loss caused by equivalent resistance in electrical circuit. One of the best mathematical models for controlling AC motors with core-loss is a kind of parallel-type model that succeeds in modeling both eddy-current and hysteresis losses. The newly proposed method succeeds in identifying separately and simultaneously two kinds of equivalent core-loss resistances on the model corresponding to eddy-current and hysteresis losses. The practical usefulness of the method is evaluated and confirmed through experiments using two induction motors of 5.5 and 2.0 (kW) having relatively high core-loss and a permanent magnet synchronous motor of 750 (W) having relatively low core-loss.


L3d: Topic 10: Power Quality
(R. Bassett, Alstom, UK, R. De Doncker, RWTH, Germany)


Fuzzy Active Filter Performance in Transient Conditions
A. Dell’Aquila, A. Lecci, P. Zanchetta, M. Liserre
Dipartimento di Elettrotecnica ed Elettronica - Politecnico di Bari
Via E. Orabona 4, Bari, 70125 Italy
Tel +39-080-596.3366 /3433 /3769
Fax +39-080-596.3410
dellaqui@poliba.itlecci@deemail.poliba.it - zanchetta@deemail.poliba.it - liserre@deemail.poliba.it;
http://www-dee.poliba.it

The paper presents a fuzzy logic based shunt active filter both as regard the PWM inverter current control and the capacitor energy management. Focus is addressed on reference computing with the instantaneous powers theory improved by the introduction of a regulation factor which is inferenced by a fuzzy controller. Moreover a fuzzy control acts on the inverter switches duty cycles ensuring an optimum current tracking. The aim of this regulation is to face sudden changes of load power demand during transients. To test the effectiveness of the proposed control, the active filter is applied to compensate the distorted currents produced by a diode-rectifier front-end-type PWM-VSI induction motor drive working in transient conditions. The simulation results highlight a very high reduction of the line current harmonic distortion with an acceptable switching frequency and the good results obtained, thanks to the fuzzy logic based control, even in transient conditions.


Control Of Three Phase Parallel Compensators with Non-Sinusoidal Unbalanced Supply
 
R. Blasco-Giménez, R.S. Pena*, R. Cardenas*
Dept. of System Engineering and Automation
DISA - Universidad Politécnica de Valencia
Camino de Vera, s/n
E-46022 Valencia, SPAIN
email: rblasco@isa.upv.es
*Dept. of Electrical Engineering
Universidad de Magallanes
Casilla 113 – D
Punta Arenas - CHILE
 
This paper studies the shortcomings of standard control techniques for parallel compensators and proposes a control strategy for harmonic current cancellation, load balancing and reactive power compensation with unbalanced and distorted supply. The proposed controllers provide full decoupling of dc link voltage and ac current control in highly distorted supplies and can be designed using standard linear control tools. The final version of the paper will include experimental results on a 22kW converter.


An Adaptive Controller in Stationary Reference Frame for D-Statcom in Unbalanced Operation

G. Escobar, A.M. Stankovic
Dept Electrical and Computer Eng
Northeastern University, USA
gescobar,astankov@ece.neu.edu
 
P. Mattavelli
Dept of Electrical Engineering
University of Padova, Italy
 mattavelli@light.dei.unipd.it
 
The paper presents a passivity-based controller for Distribution Static synchronous Compensator (D-Statcom) aimed to compensate reactive power and unbalanced harmonics in the general case of distorted and unbalanced source voltages and load currents. The proposed approach is based on the measurements of line currents, and ensures precise compensation for selected harmonics. Moreover, in order to compensate for the unavoidable uncertainty in certain system parameters, adaptation is added to the passivity-based controller. One of the major advantages of the proposed solution compared to conventional alternatives is that we are able to perform precise tracking (including higher order harmonics) even in the presence of a relatively low switching frequency, i.e., in presence of an inverter with limited bandwidth. Simulation and experimental results are provided to illustrate the merits of our solution.


Unified power quality conditioner based on current source converter topoloy

Dušan Graovac1, Vladimir Katić2, Alfred Rufer3, Jovan Knežević1

1 - Baldor ASR GmbH

Dieselstrasse 22a

D-85551 Kirchheim-München, Deutschland

Tel. ++ 49 (0)89 90508206
Fax. ++ 49 (0)89 90508491

e-mail: Dusan_Graovac@Baldor.de
 

2 - Faculty of Engineering, University of Novi Sad

Novi Sad, Yugoslavia
² - Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Lausanne, Suisse

Nonlinear devices, such as power electronics converters, inject harmonic currents in the AC system and increase overall reactive power demanded by the equivalent load. Also, the number of sensitive loads that require ideal sinusoidal supply voltages for their proper operation has increased. In order to keep power quality under limits proposed by standards, it is necessary to include some sort of compensation. Different types of power quality compensators of higher or lower complexity have been reported. The aim of this paper is to present a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) that consists of two three-phase current-source converters connected on the same inductive DC link. Such system has faster phase voltage control loop than its voltage-source converter based counterpart, as well as the inherent short circuit protection capability. Also, in this case passive filter connection between UPQC and the load is not needed, which minimizes the cost of the system.


Using SVC for voltage regulation in railways network High Voltage Booster European Project
 
Seddik Bacha, Ion Etxeberria (*), Michel Crappe, Stephane Fahe (**),Zbigniew A. Styczynski (***), Christian. Courtois, Arnaud. Talibart(+) , Marina Fracchia(++),
Malcolm Stuart (+++), Tito Consani, Ettore Merli , P. Borgignon (++++)

(*) Laboratoire d'Electrotechnique de Grenoble INPG/UJF CNRS UMR 5529
BP46 F38402 St Martin d'Heres France
Fax 33 4 76 82 63 00
Tel 33 4 76 82 64 00
Seddik.Bacha@leg.ensieg.inpg.fr
 
(**) Faculté Polytechnique de Mons
Bd Dolez, 31 B-7000 Mons Belgium
Fax : 32 65 37 41 25
Tel : 32 65 37 41 13

(***)Otto-von-Guericke- Universität Magdeburg Postfach 4120 D-39016 Magdeburg/ Deutschland
Tel: (0391) 6718866
Fax: (0391) 6712408

(+) SNCF Direction de l'Ingéniérie Rue du Faubourg St Martin 162 F-75475 Paris cedex 10 France
Fax 33 1 40 18 68 17
Tel 33 1 40 18 68 04

(++) CRT University of Genoa Via all'Opera Pia I-16145-GENOVA Italy
Fax 39 0103532700
Tel 39 0103532741

(+++)RT
Berkshire house –171 High Holborn
London NW1 2EE UK
Tel: 4420 749671502
Fax 44.207.379.8563

(++++) Ansaldo SI
Viale Sarca, 336
20126 Milano (Italy)
Fax 39 02 6445.4345
Fax 39.02.6445.4570

This paper deals with a high voltage (25kV) booster for railways based on SVC topology. The aim is to obtain a fast response for voltage drop compensation (substation transformer and catenary) against deep variation of power consumption taking into account the railway specifications. Results of studies are made in the scope of a joint project funded by the European Commission (DG XII) under the Fifth PCRD program.

 

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Lecture Session 4

 

L4a: Topic 1+12: Devices
(J. Millan, CNM, Spain, F. Sarruz, Ferraz Shawmut, France)

 

SILICON NONLINEAR CAPACITORS

H. Hakim, J-P Laur, J-L Sanchez, E. Scheid, P. Dubreuil
LAAS du CNRS
7, Avenue du Colonel Roche, 31077 Toulouse Cedex, France
Phone: (33) 05 61.33.69.71
Fax: (33) 05 61.33.62.08
 
This paper is focused on the integration of nonlinear capacitors for power electronics applications. We study more particularly a structure based on a trench topology and combining MOS and PN junction capacitance effects. Static and dynamic behaviour of the device are analyzed thanks to simulations. A specifical peripheral termination for deep trench devices is proposed. Finally we present the main process steps and the electrical characterization results of the first prototypes.


Optimized diode design for IGBT's and GCT's switching circuits.

Marco Portesine, Fioravante Fasce, Pietro Pampili
POSEICO S.p.A.
Via Nicola Lorenzi, 8
16152 Genova, Italy
portesine.marco@ansaldobreda.it

Paolo Cova, Roberto Menozzi
University of Parma
Parco Area delle Scienze, 181/A
43100 Parma, Italy
p_cova@ee.unipr.it

Beniamino Cascone, Luigi Fratelli
Ansaldo Trasporti S.p.A.
Via Nuova delle Brecce, 260
80147 Napoli, Italy
cascone.beniamino@ansaldobreda.it

Guido Botto
Ansaldo Ricerche
Corso Perrone, 35
16152 Genova, Italy
 
In a modern power converter, the high performance of semiconductor switches, like IGBT’s and GCT's, imposes hard turn-off to diodes, with fast current gradients resulting in undesirable and dangerous overvoltages. A new family of optimized diodes has been developed as well as a new test circuit able to evaluate the diode behavior under real operation conditions.


Comparison of the Switching Characteristics of High-Voltage Emitter Commutated Thyristors, Irradiated by Electrons and Protons

Rybin S. V.
ALL-RUSSIAN ELECTROTECHNICAL INSTITUTE
111250 Krasnokazarmennaya st., 12
Moscow, Russia
phone/fax: 007(095)3619467
e-mail: surma@vei.ru
 
Surma A. M.
ALL-RUSSIAN ELECTROTECHNICAL INSTITUTE
111250 Krasnokazarmennaya st., 12
Moscow, Russia
phone/fax: 007(095)3619467
e-mail: surma@vei.ru
 
Ladygin E.A.
MOSCOW TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF STEEL AND ALLOYS
117936, Leninsky prospect, 4
Moscow, Russia
phone: 007(095)2372129

 
The ECT - Emitter Commutated Thyristor - is hard drive GTO, controlled by switching a low-voltage key in a cathode circuit. The experimental 6000V ECTs were made with application of two technologies of carrier lifetime control - irradiation by protons or electrons. The turn-on and turn-off characteristics of these devices are investigated.


Passive Components Integration for Power Electronic

S. Faucher°, C. Joubert°, F. Forest°F. Wilmot+, E. Labouré+, F. Costa+

+Power Electronic and Integration group
Laboratoire d’Électricité Signaux et Robotique
École Normale Supérieure de Cachan
61 av. du Président Wilson 94230 Cachan, Franc
e

°
Electric Power Management group
Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique de Montpellier
Université de Montpellier 2, CC079
Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier

Cedex 5

New structures of integrated passive components, based on both planar and cylindrical sub-components are introduced. This paper investigates the trade-offs between dimensions, thermal behavior and electromagnetic performances of the structures. The electromagnetic limits are analysed in terms of physical dimensions and thermal dissipation capabilities. An example of a Forward SMPS output filter is used to illustrate the analysis. A high frequency electrical model of the sub-components is then proposed. This model is based on the transmission line theory.


A 4.5kV-HVIGBT Module Family with Low Collector-Emitter Saturation Voltage

H. Iwamoto*, K. Mochizuki**, K. Ishii***, I. Merfert***
 
*Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Fukuoka Japan
**Fukuryo Semiconductor Engineering Corporation, Japan
***Mitsubishi Electric Europe B.V.

A new family of 4.5kV IGBTs is presented. The relationship between n– layer thickness and blocking voltage is analyzed with the intention of minimizing the collector-emitter saturation voltage VCE(sat). The collector and buffer concentrations and the position of the lifetime control region have been optimized aiming at a reduction of the hot leakage current. The result is an IGBT structure that has a lower VCE(sat) than an equivalent 3.3kV IGBT.


Design of Soft Switched PWM Converter Controlled by PWM IC

Gyu-bum Joung
Woosuk University
Dept. of Information and communications & Computer Engineering
Wanjoo-kun, Jeonbuk, Korea
Tel : +82-63-290-1448
Fax : +82-63-291-9312
gbjoung@core.woosuk.ac.kr
 
This paper describes the operation and characteristics of soft switched PWM DC-DC converter. The soft switched PWM DC-DC converter using conventional PWM IC was designed and experimented. In this design, the control circuits, which are added a few parts of circuit elements, are very simple because the converter is operated by conventional PWM control IC. Therefore the control scheme will be as simple as conventional PWM converter and the soft switching of the switches is always satisfied.


L4b: Topic 2: Soft Switching Converters
(F. Bordry, CERN, Switzerland, A. Rufer, EPFL, Switzerland)

 

Soft switching (ZVZCS) high current, low voltage modular power converter [13 kA, 16V]

F. Bordry, V. Montabonnet, H. Thiesen
CERN- European Laboratory for Particle Physics
1211 GENEVA 23, SWITZERLAND
E-mail: frederick.bordry@cern.ch
http://nicewww.cern.ch/sl/POGroup/POhome.htm

G. Kniegl, R. Pauls, B. Wolfes
TRANSTECHNIK,
Ohmstrasse 1-3, 83607 HOLZKIRCHEN, GERMANY
E-mail: Gregor.Kniegl@transtechnik.com
http://www.transtechnik.com

 
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the next accelerator being constructed at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN). The superconducting LHC particle accelerator requires high currents (13kA) and relatively low voltages (16 V) for its magnets. This paper describes the development and the production of a [13kA, 16V] power converter. The converter is made with a modular concept with five current sources [3.25kA,16V] in parallel. The 3.25kA sources are built as plug-in modules: a diode rectifier on the AC mains, a Zero Voltage Zero Current Switching (ZVZCS) inverter working at 25 kHz and an output stage.
The obtained performance is presented and discussed.


Three-Phase Current-Fed PWM Converter with AC Input Side Commutation Inductors and Resonant Snubber

M. Ishibashi*, Y. Konishi**, E. Hiraki* and M. Nakaoka*
*YAMAGUCHI UNIVERSITY
2-16-1, Tokiwadai,
Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8611, JAPAN
masaki@pe-news1.eee.yamaguchi-u.ac.jp

**FUJI ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
4-1-1, Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku,
Kobe, 651-2271, JAPAN
konishi-yoshihiro@fujielectric.co.jp
 
This paper presents a new three-phase current-fed soft-switching PWM converter with commutation inductor and resonant snubber. This converter utilizes two types of switching commutation schemes to improve the PWM current utilization rate. It is described that this converter has effective performance of low THD and high current utilization rate by computer simulation results.


A Comparison of LCC Inverters with Resonant Current Control as a HPS Lamp Ballast

F. Rodriguez(*), J. Ribas, J. Cardeson, J. M. Alonso, E. L. Corominas, A. Calleja, J. Garcia M. Rico-Secades
(*)Instituto Tecnologico de Veracruz
Dpto. De Ingenieria Eléctrica y Electrinica
Veracruz, México
Tel +52 29 342279 / +52 29 388104
e-mail: felipe@ate.uniovi.es

Universidad de Oviedo
Tecnologia Electrَnica
Campus de Viesques Edificio 3
33204 Gijon, Espana
Phone +34 98 5184087
fax +34 98 5182138

The goal of this paper is to compare the LCC-Series Parallel Resonant Inverter with the
LCC-Parallel Series Resonant Inverter, both working with the same control method (Resonant Current
Control). This control forces the inverter to operate with optimum commutations and without handling
any reactive energy, thus minimising both switching and conduction losses. Also, a graphic design
method to calculate the resonant tank elements for both, the SP and the PS topologies is shown. This
method is based on the Output–power vs Load–resistance Optimum Commutations curves.


Enhanced Analysis and Design Issues of a 3-Level DC/DC Converter with Zero Voltage and Zero Current Switching

N. Fröhleke
Institute of Power Electronics and Electrical Drives
University of Paderborn
Pohlweg 47-49
33098 Paderborn
e-mail: froehleke@lea.upb.de
http://www.lea.upb.de

M. Schniedermann
Ascom Energy Systems
Coesterweg 45
59494 Soest
e-mail: marc.schniedermann@ascom.de
http://www.ascom.com
 
An enhanced analysis for a recently proposed, 3-level half bridge featuring reduced voltage stress and soft switching of the transistors is presented revealing additional network states and yielding more exact dc-voltage ratio. Practical design issues such as downsizing a bulky auxiliary capacitor and a flying capacitor is addressed after stress quantities are given. Experimental results gained on a 140A/4kW prototype for welding power supplies are presented.


L4c: Topic 5: Modulation strategies and specific control methods for static converters
(M. Kazmierkovski, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland, F. Blaabjerg, Aalborg University, Denmark)

 

Polygonal Flux Modulation for Matrix Converters

Christian Klumpner, Frede Blaabjerg, Ion Boldea*, Peter Nielsen**
AALBORG UNIVERSITY
Institute of Energy Technology
Pontoppidanstraede 101
DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
Tel: +45-96359283
Fax: +45-98151411
Email: ck@iet.auc.dk, fbl@iet.auc.dk
http://www.iet.auc.dk

* “POLITEHNICA” UNIVERSITY
Faculty of Electrical Engineering
V.Parvan 2
RO-1900 Timisoara, Romania
Tel./Fax: +40-204402
Email: boldea@lselinux.utt.ro
http://www.et.utt.ro

** DANFOSS DRIVES A/S
DK-6300 Graasten, Denmark
Tel: +45-74885425
Fax: +45-74652838
Email: peter_nielsen@danfoss.dk
http://www.danfoss.com/drives

This paper presents a new modulation method for matrix converters based on the indirect modulation model. During the switching period, the proposed modulation method uses a combination of only one active vector and a zero vector in the inversion stage to achieve minimum stator flux error, while in the rectification stage a single current vector is selected, according to the angle error of the input current reference vector. This reduces the number of switching sequences in the switching period, improving the accuracy of generating the output voltages, especially in the low modulation index range. Supplementary, the direct control of the input current vector is implemented. The estimation of the angle of the input current vector is done by applying the inverse transformation corresponding to the applied active vector to the output currents.


Smart Modulation: A new Approach to Power Converter Control
M. S. Carmeli, F. Castelli-Dezza, G. Superti-Furga
POLITECNICO DI MILANO
Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32
20133 Milano, Italy
Tel: +390223993702
Fax: +390223993703
carmeli@bottani.etec.polimi.it
francesco.catelli@bottani.etec.polimi.it
superti@bottani.etec.polimi.it

A new modulation algorithm for current control voltage source converters is presented. It is a threshold method characterised by constant switching frequency and controllable ripple phase angle. The proposed method overcomes the limits of traditional current hysteresis techniques, while keeping accurate and fast response. The approach is completely general and can also be applied to all Voltage Source Converters. A significative laboratory configuration has been set up for simulation and experimental test.


Improved Four Quadrant Converter Control for A.C. Traction Drive

Andrea Dolcini
ALSTOM FERROVIARIA SpA
Via Fosse Ardeatine, 120
I-20099 Sesto S. Giovanni (MI), Italy
Tel ++39-02-24423408
Fax ++39-02-24423429
andrea.dolcini@transport.alstom.com

Gabrio Superti-Furga
POLITECNICO DI MILANO
P.zza L. da Vinci, 32
I-20133 Milano, Italy
Tel ++39-02-23993716
Fax ++39-02-23993703
superti@bottani.etec.polimi.it

This paper deals with a new current-based modulation method for four-quadrant converters in a.c. traction drives. The method uses standard constant frequency Sine PWM hardware in unconventional way, achieving the high dynamics typical of current hysteresis methods and improving line current waveform in transients. Comparison with standard Sine PWM control is reported.


Energy-efficient quasi-direct converter with reduced switching losses using an intelligent
modulation strategy


O. Harling, H. Raffel, B. Orlik
University of Bremen
Institute for Electrical Drives, Power Electronics and Devices
Kufsteiner Strasse, NW1
28359 Bremen, Germany
Tel.: (+49) 421-218-7030, Fax: (+49) 421-218-4318
E-mail: raffel@et.uni-bremen.de
oharling@uni-bremen.de
 
An extreme minimization of energy storage elements in frequency converters is possible by using very high switching frequencies. After introducing a so-called quasi-direct converter with a load side inverter and a controllable input stage, the paper deals about the reduction of the switching losses. With an intelligent pulse width modulation strategy a suitable solution to decrease the switching losses of pulse-controlled converters for servo-technical applications can be achieved.


A generalized methodology to calculate switching times and regions in svpwm modulation of multilevel converters


O. Alonso, L. Marroyo, P. Sanchis
Universidad Pública de Navarra
Dpto. Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica
Campus Arrosadia S/N, 31006 - Pamplona, Spain
Phone: +34 948 168 934
Fax: +34 948 169 720
oscar.alonso@unavarra.es
 
This paper proposes a generalized methodology to calculate switching times and regions in SVPWM modulation of multilevel converters. The main attribute of the proposed method is that it keeps the same calculating difficulty independently of the number of the converter levels, being this difficulty equivalent to the classic methodology of the 2-level converter.


L4d: Topic 6: AC-Drives
(R. D. Lorenz, University of Madison, Wisconsin, USA, W. Wymeersch, Sidmar, Belgium)


Direct Flux Control of  induction motor drives

G.M. Asher,  M. Sumner
University of Nottingham
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
Tel: +44.0115.15545
Fax: +44.0115.951 5616
e-mail: mark.sumner@nottingham.ac.uk

F. Cupertino, A. Lattanzi
Politecnico di Bari
Dipartimento di Elettrotecnica ed Elettronica
V.Orabona, 4 70125 Bari, Italy
Tel: +39.080.5963433
Fax: +39.080.5963410
e-mail: cupertino@ieee.org

This paper introduces an original control technique for induction motor drives. The technique is based on the control of the angle between the stator and rotor fluxes. It is simpler than the standard vector control schemes with only one PI controller (for the speed controller), and it guarantees a faster torque response. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, an experimental comparison with the indirect field orientated vector control strategy is presented.


Induction machine rotor position detection for diagnostic or control aims: Possibilities and problems
 

A. Bellini1, G. Franceschini1, N.Petrolini1, C. Tassoni1, F. Filippetti2
1
Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 181/A, Parma, Italy
2
Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento, 2, Bologna, Italy

Electrical and magnetic asymmetries are an intrinsic property of electric machines and, depending on machine type, can be used for both diagnosis and control. Specifically for control purposes these asymmetries are used to track the angular information, while monitoring their anomalous amplitude can solve diagnosis task. In this paper the modelization of induction machines with rotor asymmetries is recalled and reviewed in order to show that asymmetries induced by broken rotor bars can be used efficiently for both sensorless control and on-line diagnosis of electric drives.


Inverter Ac Drives With Two-Phase And Three-Phase PWM Techniques

S. Halász,
BUDAPEST UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMICS, DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND DRIVES
Egry József u. 18, H-1111,
Budapest, Hungary
Phone: (36-1)-463-3605
Fax : (36-1)-463-3600
e-mail: shalasz@eikbme.hu


S. Pravadalioglu
DOKUZ EYLUL UNIVERSITY
I.M.Y.O., CONTROL SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT
Menderes cad, Istasyon sok 5
35160 Buca - Izmir , Turkey
Phone./Fax: (90-232)-3362171
e-mail: pravadalioglu@deu.edu.tr

Inverter-fed ac drives with two- and three-phase PWMs are compared from the point of view of motor harmonic losses, torque ripples and inverter losses. The skin effect in rotor bars is taken into account. The novel three-phase PWM, which can be constructed similar to the space vector method, is suggested. This method produce scarcely lower harmonic losses and considerable lower torque ripples than the space vector method. Computations are valid for two different, 3.3kHZ and 2kHz transistor switching frequencies assuming that the whole or only 2/3rd of rotor resistance is affected by skin effect. A special care was devoted to the overmodulation region. For this a novel two-phase PWM schemes are suggested. For the same transistor switching frequency the fundamental voltage - where the two-phase and three-phase PWMs produce the same losses - virtually does not depend on the skin. In the whole normal voltage region the motor torque ripples and speed oscillations for the same switching frequency are lower for the three-phase PWMs. This is true especially for the suggested three-phase PWM since in this case the first side modulation harmonics do not produce torque harmonics. The frequency converter conduction and switching losses in the case of the usually used two-phase PWM are about the same than those in the case of three-phase PWMs.


Simulations of a synchronous machine affected by voltage sags

Fredrik Carlsson, Jörgen Engström, Chandur Sadarangani
Electrical Machines and Power Electronics
Department of Electrical Engineering
KTH, Royal Institute of Technology
SE-100 44 Stockholm
 
Voltage sags and interruptions are a big power quality problem for the industry. Protection equipment automatically breaks the circuit when the power quality is degraded too much. In many cases short voltage sags or interruptions that lasts for only a hundred milliseconds leads to stoppage for hours in the production. This is mainly due to long start-up times of the industrial process. Simulations have been done on a blast furnace blower in the steel plant SSAB Oxelösund in Sweden. A line operated synchronous machine powers this. If the remaining voltage is higher than 55% there is no need to break at all. These results show that changing the settings in the protection equipment may reduce the number of unwanted shutdowns. In addition, much attention has been paid to the torque variations during and after the sag, and how it depends on the duration of the voltage sag.


A Novel Method to Improve Power Factor in SRM Drive Systems through Adjusting Power Flow

K.W.E. Cheng, X.D. Xue† and S.L. Ho
Department of Electrical Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
eeecheng@polyu.edu.hk
eexdxue@polyu.edu.hk
eeslho@polyu.edu.hk
 
Influences of power flow on power factor in SRM drive systems are studied through theoretical analysis, simulation and experiment, in this paper. Moreover, the strategy to adjust power flow is presented using the proposed theoretical analysis. The simulation and experimental results prove that the proposed method is capable to improve power factor in SRM drive systems. It is an effective method and does not increase any cost.

 

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